Meanwhile, a promising alternative, 3DGaussian Splatting (3DGS) [13], has emerged, which achieves photo-realistic rendering results with significantly faster training and rendering speeds.

Comprehensiveevaluationson MSQA andMSNN highlight thelimitations ofexisting vision-language models and underscore the importance of handling multi-modal interleaved inputs and situation modeling.

Reconstruction T arget: Point-MAE's reconstruction task aims to restore the coordinates of the Finally, an MLP with a dropout rate of 0.5 was used Pre-training 3d point cloud transformers with masked point modeling.

Besides, we observe that existing works still cannotdirectlypropagate the gradient information from deep layers to shallow layers.

Among the wide variety of applications on video understanding, the video captioning task is attracting more and more interests in recent years [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11].

As shown in Figure 1(b) and 1(c), when compressing the generator, the loss of the discriminator gradually tends to zero, such asituation indicates that the capacity of the discriminator significantly surpasses that of the lightweight generator.

This underlines the necessity to explicitly evaluate and finetune FMs on such expert tasks, arguably ones that appear the most in practical real-world applications.

Afundamental challenge indeep metric learning isthegeneralization capability of the feature embedding network model since the embedding network learned ontraining classes needtobeevaluated onnewtestclasses.